These risk factors include re-irradiation of a lesion (35), V10 of the brain > 10.5 cm3 and V12 > 7.9 cm3 (36, 37), location on the frontal cortex (38) or deep lesion (39), histology at risk (renal carcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma ALK re-arranged, HER2-amplied breast cancer, and BRAF V600 wild-type melanoma) (35, 40). Here, BRAF is linked to renal carcinoma.