The possible reasons for this discrepancy are mainly: first, the genetic information from genes to proteins has to go through the process of transcription and translation, and this process is regulated by many factors, so the discrepancy between the genetic information and the phenotype may occur; second, the level of RANTES in circulation could be influenced by different stages of the neuro-hormonal-immune pathway, so it may have pleiotropic effects at different stages of HF (43), leading to inconsistent observations. The gene discussed is CCL5; the disease is hydrops fetalis.