In 2019, Arimoto et al. developed AUTAC4, a compound that, when applied to human fibroblasts from Down syndrome patients over three days, restored mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP production, and elevated levels of PPARGC1A/PGC-1α, crucial for mitochondrial biogenesis.242 More recently, in 2023, Lu et al. introduced ATTEC mT1, composed of GW5074 and a module interacting with the outer mitochondrial membrane protein TSPO. Here, TSPO is linked to Down syndrome.