PVALB and schizophrenia: Both clinical and preclinical evidence showed that the level of parvalbumin (PV) neurons, a marker of fast-spiking GABAergic interneurons, was reduced in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in most schizophrenia patients and animal models of schizophrenia, including pharmacological models based on N-methyl-d-aspartic acid receptor antagonism, maternal immune activation models, and neuregulin 1 and ERBB4 mutant mice (Konradi et al., 2011; Kaar et al., 2019; Santos-Silva et al., 2024).