Additionally, we identified another communication axis in the triple culture: the FGF2-FGFR2 interaction, with CAFs expressing both FGF2 and FGFR2, being both senders and receivers of this autocrine stimulation, previously implicated in CRC therapy resistance.40 41 Finally, we observed several treatment-specific effects on the level of cell–cell communication, including clinically relevant signals coming from IL-33-IL-1RAP, CCL8-CCR1, and IL-4l1-AHR interactions induced by the oncolytic virus treatment, and LIF-LIFR, MET-HGF, IL-18-IL-18R1 triggered by chemotherapy (figure 3F).42, 47. Here, IL33 is linked to colorectal carcinoma.