Chemotherapy-specific pathways identified across cells of the triple culture included leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), which was previously shown to push TAMs into building cytotoxic, T-cell-excluding microenvironments in glioblastoma,69 as well as EMT which is associated with unfavorable prognosis in CRC70 and IL-18, known to contribute to CRC regression.71 This evidence concerns the gene LIF and glioblastoma.