TNF and inflammation: As expected, β-glucan treatment remarkably reduced neutrophil numbers in BALF and lung tissue (Fig 4D and 4E), M. pneumoniae burden (Fig 4F) and LDH levels in BALF (Fig 4G), and the levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) (Fig 4H), which led to the remission of lung inflammation (Fig 4I and 4J).