INS and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Mechanistically, butyrate activates AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) in hepatocytes, promoting fatty acid oxidation and reducing lipid accumulation.[49] In addition, SCFAs may improve insulin sensitivity,[50] which is typically diminished in MASLD.[14] Recently, Thing et al.[51] observed elevated levels of SCFAs in a cohort of 100 patients with MASLD.