They are involved in neurodegenerative diseases, dystrophic disorders, and cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis (Hill, 2019; Lucotti et al., 2022), because they contain neurodegenerative disease-related proteins, such as amyloid beta, tau, α-synuclein, and prions (Fevrier et al., 2004; Kanmert et al., 2015; Lee et al., 2014; Rajendran et al., 2006; Vella et al., 2007), oncogenic proteins, and signaling molecules (Choi et al., 2015). Here, MAPT is linked to neurodegenerative disease.