LPS can stimulate tumor cell progression by activating Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) through IL-6 (Kashani et al., 2020), which can subsequently induce phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) activation and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) (Park et al., 2017). Here, TLR4 is linked to neoplasm.