In relation to this in a mouse model of MPO-ANCA, it has been demonstrated that proinflammatory stimuli of infectious origin and ANCA act synergistically to induce glomerulonephritis, which is in agreement with the hypothesis that patients at increased risk of a respiratory tract infection during the following month more frequently relapse and that antibiotic maintenance therapy did not protect against relapse after an ANCA rise (48). The gene discussed is MPO; the disease is glomerulonephritis.