In relation to this in a mouse model of MPO-ANCA, it has been demonstrated that proinflammatory stimuli of infectious origin and ANCA act synergistically to induce glomerulonephritis, which is in agreement with the hypothesis that patients at increased risk of a respiratory tract infection during the following month more frequently relapse and that antibiotic maintenance therapy did not protect against relapse after an ANCA rise (48). Here, MPO is linked to Respiratory tract infection.