Apart from the abovementioned ones, there are also other pathways involved in tumorigenesis and progression of BC, which play a role in cancer cell metabolism and cancer stem cells such as IL6/IL6R/STAT3, COX2/PGE2/SOX2, ALDH1A1/TUBB3, ARRB/ALDH/CD44 pathways (40). This evidence concerns the gene TUBB3 and cancer.