INS and metabolic disease: Due to the crucial role of hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and obesity status in the pathophysiology of the adverse effects of lipid concentrations, insulin resistance, and other cardiometabolic processes on the risk of developing CVD [43–45], our study may have public health implications because integrating anthropometric indices with BP and blood lipid concentrations for predicting metabolic disorders and CVD in humans could yield superior results.