CD8A and chronic atrophic gastritis: We further utilized our computational platform ScType (developed by AI et al. 30) to create UMAP plot and found that the gene expression by “cancer cells” and immune cells (such as dendritic cells, B cells, CD8 + NKT-like cells and mast cells) appeared to be lowest in GA than non-dysplastic lesions including chronic atrophic gastritis, GIM and non-atrophic gastritis.