CD40 and ulcerative colitis: We analysed the expression of checkpoint genes using RNA-seq from colonic tissue segments from six different pre-clinical models of colitis, including T cell-mediated models (Il10−/− mice and T cell transfer colitis), chemically induced models (Dinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (DNBS) induced colitis and dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) induced colitis) and two models of ILC-dependent colitis (Tbx21−/−xRag2−/− Ulcerative Colitis (TRUC) and anti-CD40 colitis in Rag−/− mice)35,72.