Five genes (CXCL10, TNF, PIK3CD, PIK3R2, and CXCL1) of the TNF signalling pathway and seven genes (CXCL9, GDF15, BMP7, TNFRSF15, CXCL10, TNF, and CXCL1) of the cytokine–cytokine receptor pathway were commonly upregulated in melanoma cells (Figure S2D,E). Here, GDF15 is linked to melanoma.