TNF and Ovarian cyst: It reveals a significant increase (P < 0.01–0.001) in their serum levels in buffaloes with cystic ovaries (Group A) compared to the treated group of buffaloes (Group B) (IL-6: 26.62 ± 1.47 versus 14.94 ± 5.44; IL-1β: 76.09 ± 11.51 versus 44.33 ± 7.88 and TNF- α: 24.12 ± 3.11 versus 15.93 ± 1.54; respectively) (Fig. 2).