Neutrophils possessing antitumor characteristics are capable of engaging in direct tumor cell destruction through the release of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species.[44] Conversely, pro‐tumor neutrophils can release MMP9, promoting tumor cell angiogenesis and dissemination.[45] In our study, we observed that Neutrophils_S100A12 cells were specifically enriched in genes associated with IL‐17 signaling pathway after IORT+Surgery, which including MMP9/ S100A8/ S100A9/ IL17RA/ JUN/ FOS/ MAPK14/ CXCL1 genes. Here, S100A9 is linked to neoplasm.