TNF and thyroid nodule: The results of this study showed that the mRNA and protein levels of inflammatory factors (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β) were significantly elevated in the thyroid tissues of the thyroid nodules model rats, which was consistent with the clinical results, while JJJG was able to reduce the expression of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α at both the gene and protein levels, which resulted in a good therapeutic effect.