AKT1 and rheumatoid arthritis: Studies have reported that celastrol inhibits TNF-α-induced proliferation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) decreases the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines while increasing the levels of autophagosomes and expression of LC3-II and Beclin-1 proteins in TNF-α-treated FLSs, and decreases the phosphorylation of mTOR and AKT thereby reducing the degree of rheumatoid arthritis 146.