VEGFA and cancer: This inhibition is achieved by reducing the secretion of the pro-angiogenic factor VEGF, suppressing the activity of the transcription factor NF-κB, and promoting the production of reactive oxygen species within the cancer cells.141 The researchers further investigated the anticancer features of exosomes by examining how MSCs-derived exosomes affect the expression of genes involved in angiogenesis and apoptosis in several cancer cell lines.