VEGFD and atrial fibrillation: In the analysis of atrial fibrillation, genetically predicted high levels of VEGF-A [IVW: odds ratio (OR) = 1.025 (95%CI: 1.004–1.047), P = 0.020, PFDR = 0.060] and VEGF-D [IVW: OR = 1.080 (95%CI: 1.039–1.123), P = 8.66E-05, PFDR = 0.001] were associated with an increased risk of atrial fibrillation, while no causal relationship was observed between VEGF-C (PFDR = 0.419), VEGF (uncategorized) (PFDR = 0.383), VEGFR-2 (PFDR = 0.784), and VEGFR-3 (PFDR = 0.899) and atrial fibrillation risk.