ACTA1 and infection: Some virulence genes are important for infection, such as, InlA-E-cadherin and/or InlB-C-Met (L. monocytogenes internalins-host receptors) for invasion, listeriolysin O (LLO) and phospholipases A and B (PlcA and PlcB) for both primary and double-layer vacuoles disruption, ActA for actin tail polymerization and intracellular motility (Quereda et al., 2021; Radoshevich and Cossart, 2018).