DPP4 and diabetes mellitus: Lifestyle modifications (healthy diet, regular exercise, aiming for moderate weight loss, consuming moderate amounts of sodium and alcohol, etc.)and the current anti-diabetic medications (insulin, biguanides, sulfonylureas, meglitinides derivatives, α-glucosidase inhibitors, thiazolidinediones, agonists of glucagon like peptide-1, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide agonists, inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4), sodium-glucose transporter–2 inhibitors are globally implemented to manage DM.