The effector T cells produced are capable of specifically binding to target cells within the organism, leading to their cleavage and subsequent death, thereby achieving the antitumor effect (52) (53).The latest ECSO guidelines recommend immune checkpoint blockade, either with anti-PD-1 alone or in combination with anti-CTLA-4, as a first-line treatment for patients with unresectable stage III and IV melanoma. This evidence concerns the gene CTLA4 and melanoma.