NSG2 and cancer: To evaluate NSG2 protein expression, multiplex immunohistochemistry was used, revealing higher levels in cancer cells (36.47 ± 13.61) compared to ductal epithelial cells (32.36 ± 10.59; Z = -2.003, P = 0.045) (Figures 2A, B) and greater expression in breast cancer tissues than benign tissues (Figure 2C).