CRP and infection: Among other factors, CRP levels can rise following craniotomy.39 However, even short-term use of antibiotics may result in enduring changes to the intestinal microbiota.37,40 There is increasing evidence that these changes are associated with the downregulation of parts of the innate immune system such as C-type lectin which is important for the immune defense against gram-positive bacteria.40 Therefore, it is conceivable that patients treated with antibiotics are more prone to infection, resulting in higher CRP levels that may be predictive for prognosis in GB patients.41