CXCL12 and chronic kidney disease: The expression of CXCL1, TWEAK, and CXCL12 was higher in patients with severe CKD stages, Oxford T scores, and extracapillary proliferation (Ep) lesions score than in patients with mild CKD stages, Oxford T scores, and without tubular and interstitial lesions; however, patients with varying Oxford M, and S scores showed similar levels of TWEAK, CXCL1, MCP1, TRAIL, and CXCL12 (Table 2).