AOX1 and hepatocellular carcinoma: Both SCARA5 and AOX1 are hypermethylated and downregulated in breast, prostate and thyroid tumors, in association with poor prognosis and cancer progression [35–37] SCARA5 overexpression has been related to reduced cancer malignancy and sensitization to DNA damage-based chemotherapy [38–40] AOX1 also plays a tumor suppressor role and has been found downregulated in prostate, bladder, ovarian and hepatocellular carcinomas [41, 42] Inhibition of AOX1 has also been linked to a more effective antitumor therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma by blockade of the PI3K-AKT pathway [43].