TLR4 and hepatocellular carcinoma: Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) ranks as the most extensively studied factors in aerobic glycolysis [67] The latest research demonstrated that acidic ribosome protein P2 (RPLP2), one of the components of the ribosomal stalk, can activate Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways downstream through autocrine activation, which promotes the translocation of HIF-1α into the nucleus, finally promoting aerobic glycolysis in HCC cells [68].