AIF1 and hydrops fetalis: Diet and microbiota-driven alteration in vagal signaling are accompanied by an increase presence of Iba1+ positive immune cells along the gut-brain axis.12,13,38,40,64,65 Recruitment of these cells appears to be necessary for diet-driven alterations of vagal signaling as their pharmacological inhibition prevents diet-associated vagal remodeling and hyperphagia.13 Similarly to what had previously been reported,13,37,38,40 we observed an increased in the number of Iba1+ cells (and overall staining) in the NTS of HF-HF rats.