Pathway analysis of the DEGs in cluster 4 (CTL_2; Supplementary Fig. S15D) revealed an overrepresentation of the T-cell receptor pathway and anabolic pathways involved in DNA transcription, gene expression, mRNA processing, and cell cycle in cells from patients with HR-MDS, and IFN response pathways and the oxidative phosphorylation pathway in cells from patients with AML (Supplementary Fig. S15E). Here, IFNA1 is linked to myelodysplastic syndrome.