MTOR and cardiac hypertrophy: Akt is an important regulator of cardiac hypertrophy, and sustainedAkt activation is associated with the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, leading topathological cardiac hypertrophy associated with mitochondrial dysfunction [111].Zhang et al. [112] showed that calpain 1-mediated mTOR activationmitigated hypoxia-induced cardiac hypertrophy.