Levine et al. [61] demonstrated adirect correlation between PAI-1 levels and PCSK9 concentrations through RNAsequencing in vitro and in vivo in mice with hyperlipidemia.Additionally, the authors documented a positive correlation between PAI-1 andPCSK9 levels in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction.After treatment with PCSK9Is in hypercholesterolemic patients, a statisticallysignificant increase in PCSK9 levels and reduction in PAI-1 concentrations wereobserved, suggesting that PCSK9 modulation has varying effects on PAI-1 levels[61]. Here, SERPINE1 is linked to heart failure.