A later meta-analysis showed that, when takenat 4–8 h following CPB, NGAL was superior in diagnosing AKI in the definedpopulation when compared to earlier and later time points, but with highvariability across centers and study designs, and no clear standardization ofassays or thresholds, which is currently highly needed for utilizing NGAL as apromising biomarker [62]. Here, LCN2 is linked to acute kidney injury.