Nevertheless, immunosuppressive signaling interactions were also elevated; for example, immunosuppressive prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), macrophage inhibitory factor (MIF), and midkine (MK) were elevated between cancer basal cells and CD4 and CD8 T cells in the older cohort (Fig. 5b, Supplementary Fig. 8c). This evidence concerns the gene MIF and cancer.