LMP-1, in addition to eliciting the upregulation of the abovementioned chemokines via the NF-κB and JNK pathways to advance EBV-associated NPC, also induces the expression of diverse interleukins, such as IL-1β, IL-8 and their analogs, through the activation of the NF-κB and STAT3 signaling pathways, which can lead to leukocytes that provide immunosuppressive effects infiltrating, and pathological progression of tumors (31, 32, 43, 59). Here, CXCL8 is linked to nasopharyngeal carcinoma.