CCL4 and nasopharyngeal carcinoma: While inflammatory factors typically function locally through paracrine or autocrine mechanisms, various inflammatory cytokines, such as CCL3, CCL4, CCL20, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10, have been identified at aberrant levels in the bloodstream of individuals with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and are correlated with the incidence and prognosis of NPC.