LMP-1, in addition to eliciting the upregulation of the abovementioned chemokines via the NF-κB and JNK pathways to advance EBV-associated NPC, also induces the expression of diverse interleukins, such as IL-1β, IL-8 and their analogs, through the activation of the NF-κB and STAT3 signaling pathways, which can lead to leukocytes that provide immunosuppressive effects infiltrating, and pathological progression of tumors (31, 32, 43, 59). This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and nasopharyngeal carcinoma.