TNF and ulcerative colitis: One study reported the use of mucosal proinflammatory gene signatures (TNF, interleukin 1 alpha [IL1A], regenerating family member 1 alpha [REG1A], IL8, interleukin 1 beta [IL1B], and leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors A [LILRA]) in patients with ulcerative colitis (10).