Olamkicept, an inhibitor of IL-6, induced a change of a mucosal proinflammatory gene signature (TNF, IL1A, REG1A, IL8, IL1B, and LILRA) different from the one characterized by remission signatures of anti-TNF (infliximab) or anti-integrin (vedolizumab) in a phase IIa study with relatively low number of patients (N=16, including 9 and 7 patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, respectively) (10). Here, IL1A is linked to ulcerative colitis.