One study analyzing differential item functioning in the GAD-7 found that Black participants who reported a high latent GAD trait tended to score lower on specific GAD-7 items 1, 5, and 6, than white and Latinx participants reporting similar latent levels of GAD [39], which could lead to under-identification of GAD among Black populations using the GAD-7 due to underreporting of severity on these items. Here, GAD1 is linked to generalized anxiety disorder.