TNF and Sepsis: Since proinflammatory cytokine overproduction is indicative of sepsis, we evaluated the levels of TNF‐α, IFN‐γ, IL‐1α, IL‐1ß, IL‐6, IL‐10, IFN‐ß, IL‐17A, IL‐23, IL‐27, MCP‐1, IL‐12p70, and GM‐CSF in the serum at 16 h after LPS‐induced septic shock.