Heterogeneity in the magnitude of the protein-dementia associations was observed among APOEε4 carriers for one NCR1 (one of the top four candidate proteins), GDF15, CHI3L1, and TFF3, each of which showed significant associations with VaD and comparatively weaker associations with AD dementia (Fig. 4A; Supplementary Table 11). Here, CHI3L1 is linked to dementia.