TAL1 and acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Moreover, disruptions in genes related to RNA machinery account for 11% of T-ALL cases, with NKX2-1-rearranged T-ALL being driven by the RNA helicase DDX3X. Genomic alterations were also associated with differential patient outcomes in some subtypes; for example, in the TAL1 subtype, alterations in PHF6, encoding a transcriptional regulator, or in PTEN, a negative regulator of PI3K signaling, were associated with inferior event-free and overall survival.