SPP1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Additionally, the involvement of OPN in corneal and conjunctival wound healing and tear fluid homeostasis [28–31] further establish OPN as a pivotal player in orchestrating a range of immune and inflammatory responses [18–21].The results from current study highlight the involvement of OPN in stabilizing ocular surface integrity and the mosaic pattern of the corneal epithelium, as well as maintaining tear fluid homeostasis in T2D.