Recent research into the regulation of the TGF-β signaling pathway suggests that miRNAs can enhance the biological effects of tissue and temporal control mediated by TGF-β1 in pulmonary fibrosis, namely the modulation of TGF-β1 signaling molecules by pro-fibrotic or anti-fibrotic miRNAs appears to impact the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis (Table 1). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is pulmonary fibrosis.