LncNEAT1 is identified as a sponge for miR-9-5p (Zhang et al., 2020) and miR-455-3p (Liu et al., 2021), respectively, which promotes pulmonary fibrosis by regulating the miR-9-5p/TGF-β1/Smad2 and miR-455-3p/Smad3 axes. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and pulmonary fibrosis.