ATRX and astrocytoma (excluding glioblastoma): Through their effects on the immune microenvironment and cytokine production, IDH and ATRX mutations in glioblastoma and astrocytoma promote immune suppression, and may be a potential therapeutic target for prolonging patient survival (Hu et al., 2022; Hariharan et al., 2024; Squalli Houssaini et al., 2024).