TNF and triple-A syndrome: Within this focused network, ten targets marked in yellow (KEAP1, NFE2L2, HMOX1 49; MMP2,3,9 50; CASPASE1 51, IL2 52, TNF 15, and CASPASE3 53) are vital in AAA and have been shown to be closely linked to the progress of AAA, particularly the Keap1-Nrf2-HO-1 signaling axis (Figure 3A c-d).