While previous studies have often focused on surface proteins, such as tetraspanins (CD9, CD81, and CD63 among others), which are commonly overexpressed in EVs 33, our research aimed to isolate EVs that accurately reflect the unique characteristics of breast cancer, thereby complementing existing diagnostic methods and improving clinical performance relative to bulked TEVs and tissue-based approaches. The gene discussed is CD81; the disease is breast carcinoma.