PDCD1 and neoplasm: Using peripheral blood immunophenotyping, Esfahani et al. demonstrated that concurrent administration of anti-PD1 therapy and mTORi in a KTR with melanoma led to tolerogenic changes including suppression of global T cell activation and preservation of the regulatory T cell population, while maintaining the circulating levels of a subset of tumor directed T cells (interferon gamma producing CD4+ T cells and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells) [68].