T = treatment, O = outcomes, T1 = metformin, T2 = glyburide, T3 = insulin, O1 = macrosomia, O2 = higher gestational ages, O3 = infant hypoglycemia, O4 = birth weight, O5 = HbA1c (glycohemoglobin), O6 = PIH (pregnancy-induced hypertension), GDM = gestational diabetes mellitus. Here, INS is linked to gestational diabetes.