Moreover, chlorogenic acid (5) exhibited potent in vitro and in vivo antiproliferative activity against hepatocellular carcinoma by inducing cell cycle arrest in the S phase, reducing the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, and decreasing MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression (Yan et al., 2017). This evidence concerns the gene MAPK3 and hepatocellular carcinoma.