CASP3 and breast cancer: It was previously reported that β-carotene (1) elicited promising antiproliferative in vitro activity against human breast cancer (MCF-7 cells) by activating caspase-3 enzyme, decreasing the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein, Bcl2 and PARP, decreasing the level of NF-κB, inhibiting the activation of ERK1/2, and inhibiting Akt activity, thus leading to apoptosis (Sowmya et al., 2017).