Through binding to IFN-α receptor 1 (IFNAR1) and 2 (IFNAR2), which are universally expressed in all nucleated cells, IFN-I mediates its effects by stimulating Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins (STAT) family proteins, whose activation triggers autoimmunity in SLE (12). Here, IFNAR1 is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.